From the graph, we can tell that disparity in educational opportunities between the rich and poor expands as educational levels move up.

However even educational opportunities are less unequal compared with higher education, I believe the educational quality for students is very different.

Following the presentation discussion, I found some data in oversea students and returnees.

While the huge number of overseas students is noteworthy, China is certainly experiencing a significant return migration over the last decade. China’s rapid economic development and good government policy have been identified as the top two reasons given for returning.

(Note: income level is given by GDP per capita. Economies’ position in the figure reflects their ranking by income and technology. Technology clusters are divided into three on the basis of the skill and hig-tech intensity of their products and exports.)

this proxy provides an assessment of an economy’s productivity and ability to move up the value chain within the service, manufacturing, non-manufacturing industry, and agricultural sectors.

Interestingly Japan has relatively high HE enrollment ratio(50+%) compared with other Asian countries. Korea has the highest level of enrollment ratio across the globe. However, Japan still has the highest level of GDP per capita and output per workers. There must be other factors leading to the outputs. However if we analyze from the perspective of higher education, I would say Japan has the highest capability of transferring knowledge/technology in HE into output.

Source: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/Resources/226300-1279680449418/7267211-1318449387306/EAP_higher_education_fullreport.pdf

Hi all,

Below are the private/public funding distribution in Korea, Japan. Based on the data from OECD, Japan has a higher and stable public funding ratio, and public funding in Korea is catching up. For China, the detailed breakdown indicates that public funding is also increasing rather fast.

These findings coincide the observations in public expenditure per HE student (2000 vs. 2011) and in public expenditure on HE as a percentage of total public education expenditure. At the right hand sides of the axis, we can tell that from 2000 to 2011, Korea, Japan and China have all increased public expenditure on HE. This is not the case of many other Asian countries.

Interestingly Japan and Korea have a higher proportion of gross domestic expenditure on R&D than China. For private enrollment and Institutional Share in HE, Korea is the highest across all Asian countries, Japan more or less similar and China lagging far behind.

Source: OECD

Source: OECD

Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2015

Source: Asian Development Bank