Armenia Oral tradition: c. 9th century CEFirst set to writing: 1874 The Daredevils of Sasun (Sasna Tsrer) “David of Sassoun” is the Armenian national folk epic representing the ethos of the Armenian people in their age-old struggle for freedom from invasion and...
Mexico First published in 1904. Francisco Granados Maldonado La Zaragozaida Francisco Granados Maldonado is, to this day, the very definition of an obscure poet. We do not know when or where he was born; according to extant registers, he died in...
Kalmykia, currently a republic in Southern Russia Transmitted orally for centuries. First published in 1910. The Epic of Jangar From ancient times to modernity, epic narratives have served as cultural repositories for humanity’s deepest existential questions....
Portugal 1934 Francisco Pessoa, Mensagem Francisco Pessoa’s Mensagem (1934) is an esoteric national epic simultaneously steeped in reverential homage to the past while paving the way for what it means to compose an epic in the modern era. This duality can be...
England First published 1954-1955 (written between 1937 and 1949) J. R. R. Tolkien The Lord of the Rings The Lord of the Rings, by J.R.R. Tolkien, was first published in three parts—The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King—in...
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