Ramayana

Ramayana

India Date of composition: ca. 500 BCE -500 CEOldest extant manuscripts: 6th century CE; 11th century CE Valmiki Ramayana The Ramayana was composed in Sanskrit some time between 500 BCE and 500 CE and is attributed to the sage Valmiki. Over the centuries, as the story...
Mahabharata

Mahabharata

India Compiled: 3rd century BCE – 3rd century CEPresent form of text: ca. 400 CE Anonymous Mahabharata Introduction commissioned. Name of Contributor Works Cited List of works cited, if applicable. Resources...
Epic of King Gesar

Epic of King Gesar

Tibet and Central Asia Originally developed between 200-300 BCE and 600 CE; reached final form in early 12th century.       Anonymous The Epic of King Gesar     Introduction commissioned. Expected early spring 2025. Author Name  University...
Lakhnavi, The Adventures of Amir Hamza

Lakhnavi, The Adventures of Amir Hamza

Arabia, Persia, and the Subcontinent Oral tradition dating back to the 7th century Illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, c. 1562Urdu version by Ghalib Lakhnavi, 1855Expanded by Abdullah Bilgirami, 1871    Ghalib Lakhnavi The Adventures of...
Ponnivala Nadu

Ponnivala Nadu

Southern India Oral tradition: c. 15-16th century CEFirst recorded: 1965 Ponnivala Nadu The Legend of Ponnivala Nadu is a folk epic popular in Southern India, specifically in the Kongu Nadu region of Tamilnadu. This is an extended oral epic, a story first tape...