England primarily 12th through 15th centuries Legends of King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table The legends of King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table have been the favorites of poets, painters, and politicians for centuries. Perhaps this is because...
Arabia, Persia, and the Subcontinent Oral tradition dating back to the 7th century Illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, c. 1562Urdu version by Ghalib Lakhnavi, 1855Expanded by Abdullah Bilgirami, 1871 Ghalib Lakhnavi The Adventures of...
Iroquois League of Five Nations Oral tradition: c. 1100-1450 CETranscribed on wampum belt: c. 1624Earliest publication (Mohawk Version): 1883 The Great Law of Peace (Kaianerekowa) The struggle to form a unifying law by the formerly strife-torn...
Kalmykia, currently a republic in Southern Russia Transmitted orally for centuries. First published in 1910. The Epic of Jangar From ancient times to modernity, epic narratives have served as cultural repositories for humanity’s deepest existential questions....
East Africa (Swahili) Oral tradition: 9th-13th century CEFirst transcribed: c. 18th century CEThe Epic of Liyongo by Muhammad Bin Bakari Kijumwa: 1913 The Epic of Liyongo Like many African epics, such as Sunjata (Niane 2006; Innes 1974; Suso...
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