“Take the A Train” Duke Ellington

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Duke Ellington’s signature song, “Take the A Train” was written by Billy Strayhorn. It was quite difficult for me to assign a form to this piece and identify various sections, because one of the main elements of Jazz is improvisation. So, I naturally found myself trying to fit it into the forms we have already discussed in class (ex. Sonata form). Overall, if I had to assign a structure to the piece I would say A-B-A.

The song begins with a very festive opening, starts with playful descending melodies scales played by the piano (0:00 – 00:05), followed by the celebratory sound of trumpets 0:06 – 0:11. The entire song maintains an upbeat tempo, due to the drums and the bass that continuously play in the background. The Introduction, or A section, spans from 0:00 to 1:40. Within this timeframe I identified two different musical themes or distinct sounds, which reminded me of the primary and secondary themes of sonata form. The primary one from 0:05 to 0:51 and the secondary one is 0:52 to 1:38.

At 1:39, a shift is marked by a number of trumpets joining in and an increase in dynamic, which signaled section B. From 1:48 to 2:15 there is a development of the piece during which elements from section A returns. At 2:16 there is another shift in the music marked by the instruments coming together once again, which initially creates a somewhat dissonant chord which is resolved at the instruments end on the same note. At 2:18 we get a return of the A section, however it is not necessarily a “true” return since it’s not identical to the beginning of the piece. Here the trumpets are  similar to the beginning, but there seems to have been a slight change in key, shifting from a higher major (0:18 – 0:22) to a lower major key (0:29 – 0:3). We also hear a quick return of the playful piano introduction, but only for a spilt second (0:45– 0:46) as a short reminder of the first A section.

Although I was very excited for this unit, I was a bit disappointed that none of the songs we are studying contain a vocal piece. In Jazz, the vocal style is very unique because it also functions using improvisation and contains many unique improvisation techniques, such as scat singing and bebop. Jazz singers were also unique because of the distinctive raspy, sultry quality of their singing.

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    Your analysis of “Take the A Train” by Duke Ellington is insightful, especially in identifying its structure amidst the challenges of Jazz improvisation. The A-B-A form you’ve suggested captures the song’s dynamic shifts and recurring themes well.
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