Manas

Manas

Kyrgyzstan A fragment (in Persian) is dated to the end of the 15th or beginning of the 16th century, but an earlier version may have existed; the first written version of the epic is from the mid-19th century. Anonymous, Manas “…for us, Kirgiz, the dastan remains a...
Eneida navyvarat

Eneida navyvarat

Belarus 1820s The Aeneid Turned Inside Out (Eneida navyvarat) Eneida navyvarat [The Aeneid Turned Inside Out] is a Belarusian burlesque poem dating from the 1820s. Its plot is based on Virgil’s Aeneid, an epic written between 29 and 19 BC.  Eneida navyvarat continues...
Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz

Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz

Poland First published: 1834     Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz (Master Thaddeus) orThe Last Foray in LithuaniaA Gentry Tale from the years 1811 and 1812Comprising Twelve Books in Verse   Published in Paris four years after a failed uprising against Russia...
Lönnrot, Kalevala

Lönnrot, Kalevala

Finland Published: 1835; 1849   Elias Lönnrot, Kalevala   Termed a “tradition-oriented epic,” the Kalevala is a multi-episodic narrative poem created out of folk songs sung by rural Karelian and Finnish singers of the nineteenth century. Incorporating...
Leopardi, Paralipomena to the Battle of Frogs and Mice

Leopardi, Paralipomena to the Battle of Frogs and Mice

Italy Completed 1837; first edition 1842. Giacomo Leopardi,   Paralipomeni della Batracomiomachia (Paralipomena to the Battle of Frogs and Mice)   ​ The Paralipomeni della Batracomiomachia began to take shape around 1831 from an idea of Giacomo Leopardi, who...