Arabia, Persia, and the Subcontinent Oral tradition dating back to the 7th century Illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, c. 1562Urdu version by Ghalib Lakhnavi, 1855Expanded by Abdullah Bilgirami, 1871 Ghalib Lakhnavi The Adventures of...
Kalmykia, currently a republic in Southern Russia Transmitted orally for centuries. First published in 1910. The Epic of Jangar From ancient times to modernity, epic narratives have served as cultural repositories for humanity’s deepest existential questions....
West Africa Oral tradition, 16th centuryWritten accounts, 16th and 17th centuriesSummaries, 19th and 20th centuriesFirst linear publication: 1990 The Epic of Askia Mohammed (Mamar Kassaye Deeda) The Epic of Askia Mohammed was recorded by Thomas A. Hale in Saga,...
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