Cloudy Night: Activating Park Space by Illuminated Interactivity

Team

Shiori Osakata: so2522@columbia.edu, 646-983-4947

Shuyang Huang: sh3685@columbia.edu, 347-415-4652

Nick Kunz: nhk2119@columbia.edu, 602-710-8608
Brief Discription

“Regardless of park size, safety begins at the perimeter. An active edge, which will encourage use and create a perimeter of surveillance for the park,  can also increase park accessibility to user groups who may feel more vulnerable in the park interior and who are of lower mobility, such as women, children, older adults and people with disabilities.”  — Quote from Project for Public Space (https://www.pps.org/article/what-role-can-design-play-in-creating-safer-parks)

We will focus on sensing the presence of children in the park, as an indicator of safety. The main goal of our project is to understand perceived safety (reflected by children presence) and seek to enhance the experience in a park while simultaneously addressing the need for public safety and an empirical way to measure it.

We want to capture if illuminating areas in the park containing low light visibility with fun, interactive, and playful feedback loops can enhance park engagement and public safety. The audience of the project will be the NYC parks, who are in charge of the design and maintenance of the parks.

Research questions

Sensors embedded in an interactive device called Cloudy Night will be applied under the bridge in the north side of starlight park, which has potentially low visual access but an important traffic road in that area. By sensing the presence of people around the Cloudy Night, we can answer the research question that: 1) does illuminating low light visibility in park spaces with interactive devices make people feel safer? 2) will the interactive device increase public engagement in a park? 3) will more children be engaged and attracted by the interactive facility?

How it works

When people come close to the cloud, the light inside will change color, providing feedback to reflect human presence. The presence of people will be recorded by two different sensors located a different heights and stored remotely on the SD board. The two sensors will help us to identify children and adults by their height. The data will then be used to analyze park engagement relative to time and location and visualized on an interactive map in a time-series.

Shiori Osakata

Name: Shiori Osakata

Currently a second year of Master of Science in Urban Planning at Columbia University, Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. She has strong interests in urban planning, urban design, urban analysis, public space, street level and human-scale design.

More information on her might be found here. https://www.shioriosakata.com/

Infrared (IR) break-beam sensor

Infrared (IR) break-beam sensors are a simple way to detect motion. They work by having an emitter side that sends out a beam of human-invisible IR light, then a receiver across the way which is sensitive to that same light. When something passes between the two, and its not transparent to IR, then the ‘beam is broken’ and the receiver will let you know.

Technical Description: 

Compared to PIR sensors, breakbeams are faster and allow better control of where you want to detect the motion. Compared to Sonar modules, they’re less expensive. However, you do need both emitter and receiver on opposite sides of the area you want to monitor.

Limitations:
The 5mm IR version works up to 50cm / 20″, so we need a lot of them to measure open space.

Skill:
Easy

Sample Sensor:
IR Break Beam Sensor:
https://www.adafruit.com/product/2167

Sample Exercise:

https://learn.adafruit.com/ir-breakbeam-sensors

 

Pressure mats

 

Pressure sensor pads are electronic devices that capture physical force contact to generate some sort of a response. There is a truly endless amount of applications for pressure sensor pads, ranging from an input mechanism in a human-machine interface (HMI), a method to capture intruders in a force-sensitive security system, and beyond.

Technical Description: 

They have a force range of 0-222 N (0-50 lb), specified with Tekscan electronics. The model is linear through a much lower range of 0-22N (0-5 lb), and is capable of measuring loads up to 44,482 N (10,000 lb).*

The dynamic range of this square force sensor can be modified by changing the drive voltage and adjusting the resistance of the feedback resistor

Limitations:
Expensive

Skill:
Easy

Sample Sensor:
FlexiForce A502 Sensor:
https://www.tekscan.com/products-solutions/force-sensors/a502

Sample Exercise:
https://www.tekscan.com/blog/flexiforce/how-create-pressure-sensor-pad

 

Contact Switches

 

They’re often used to detect when a door or drawer is open, which is why they have mounting tabs and screws.

Technical Description: 

  • Normally open reed switch
  • ABS enclosure
  • Rated current: 100 mA max
  • Rated voltage: 200 VDC max
  • Distance: 15mm max

Limitations:
Depending on the sensor, the amount of resistance may vary, as well as the maximum amount of pressure that can be applied.

Skill:
Easy

Sample Sensor: 

Magnetic contact switch (door sensor)
https://www.adafruit.com/product/375

Sample Exercise:

https://archive.codeplex.com/?p=netduinohelpers#Hardware%2fPushButton.cs

 

 

Vernier Sensor – Motion Detector

This is the Vernier Motion Detector, a simple sensor that can be used to collect position, velocity and acceleration data of moving objects. This Vernier sensor can be used to study the motion of walking individuals, bouncing objects, a swinging pendulum, or anything else that moves.

These Motion Detectors can measure moving objects as close as 15 cm in front of them and as far as 6 meters away with a resolution of 1 mm. These Vernier sensors are also equipped with a pivoting head to help the user gain a different angle of view of a moving object and a sensitivity switch to produce higher quality data.

Technical Description:

This Motion Detector emits short bursts of ultrasonic sound waves from the gold foil of the transducer. These waves fill a cone-shaped area about 15 to 20° off the axis of the centerline of the beam. The Motion Detector then “listens” for the echo of these ultrasonic waves returning to it. The equipment measures how long it takes for the ultrasonic waves to make the trip from the Motion Detector to an object and back. Using this time and the speed of sound in air, the distance to the nearest object is determined.

Limitation:

Range the sensor can cappure

Skill:

3 –  Competent

Sample Sensor:

https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12875