BirdyBird: Cute Meets Quant

Cute meets quant. BirdyBird imagines a future where invisible environmental metrics can be made visible and emotive. BirdyBird detects the presence of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and equivalent CO2 in the air and displays this information through its “breathing” animation.

BirdyBird is a cute robot bird that beckons humans to become emotionally invested in improving environmental quality. BirdyBird is a project that brings into conversation DIY sensing, design, and the emergent field of urban informatics to raise awareness about the daily experience of air quality. BirdyBird takes on the abstract form of an installation which actively collects and stores air quality data. BirdyBird emits a warm, red glow that amplifies in intensity to mimic the pace of one’s breath. A faster breath implies difficulty breathing as a result of heightened detected quantities of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Anecdotal folk knowledge suggests that dogs, birds, bats and other animals of even larger sizes can sense earthquakes hours or even days before they strike. Before humans could employ electronic sensors to safely and continuously monitor and conceive invisible environmental conditions, they relied on the senses and expressions of animals to discern equilibrium flux in the environment. Humans have exploited this quality throughout history; Canary birds were such a sentinel species, used in the mining industry to detect the buildup of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide.

Ri Le

Ri Le (pronounced ARE-ee) is a Columbia GSAPP MS Urban Planning student from California who is interested in the intersections between urbanism, technology, and design. Ri installed their first Linux distribution in the fifth grade on an old Dell hand-me-down from 1999, and combines various disciplines and media such as media arts, photography, and graphic design to create things that inform, provoke, delight, and sometimes confuse. Ri graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, NY as an urban studies major and hopes to work in the fields of technology, design and urbanism in the very near future. https://rile.digital/

Birdybird: Affective Avian Environmental Interface

Team

Ri Le <rl2999@columbia.edu>, https://rile.digital

Suprima Bhele <sb4042@columbia.edu>

Birdybird is a cute ‘lil robot bird that emotionally reacts to local air quality. Birdybird senses location, the presence of volatile organic compounds and methane gas, collects this data for detailed spatial analysis, and performs this data through its face and through song.

Air quality and location data

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) such as equivalent carbon dioxide (eCO2) and metal oxide (MOX). (CCS811 Air Quality Breakout)

VOC’s are a byproduct of industrial products used in the construction industry. Various recent studies suspect VOCs are carcinogenic and related to cancer outcomes (Bari & Kindzierski, 2018) (Shuai et al., 2018).

Location data is used for plotting and mapping of data points and spatial analysis.

Respects your privacy

Birdybird is harmless to the public. It does not sense any information related to the body and therefore does not raise any concerns about surveillance or privacy. However, we are not responsible for any sadness or disappointment indirectly caused by public reflection on global warming and/or loosening regulation of environmental quality :-).

Accelerometer

Accelerometer (via Sparkfun)

Technical description: An accelerometer measures acceleration in 3 axes. Most people have used accelerometers in smartphones and video game consoles (Wii), where they are used for gesture control. They can be used to sense the movement of a device. In the context of environmental sensing, this could be used to measure wind or other kinetic movement of a device.

Limitations: The LSM303C cannot use more than ~4.8V of power.

Skill: Advanced. This requires one to learn the I2C protocol or SPI serial interfaces to read data from the sensor.

Sample Sensor: SparkFun 6 Degrees of Freedom Breakout – LSM303C

Sample Exercise: LSM303C 6DoF Hookup Guide

MEMS Microphone

SparkFun MEMS Microphone Breakout – INMP401 (ADMP401) (Via Sparkfun)

Technical description: MEMS microphones work the same way as most condensor microphones; however, they operate on the micro-scale. Microphones are usually used to monitor sound activity, but can also be used to trigger events based on audio cues.

Limitations: Microphones can pick up sensitive information and generally raise suspicion when used to monitor speech. These microphones have a limited frequency range, up to 15kHz, within the human range of hearing. This may result in aesthetically disappointing audio quality if used for musical purposes.

Skill: Beginner

Sample Sensor: SparkFun MEMS Microphone Breakout – INMP401 (ADMP401)

Sample Exercise: Bark Back Interactive Pet Monitor

Geophone (ground movement sensor)

Geophone – SM-24 (from Sparkfun)

Technical description: A geophone converts kinetic ground movement to voltage. Geophones work similarly to microphones, using a coil moving in the field of a magnet to generate voltage changes. A geophone can be used for geologic purposes in order to to monitor seismic activity. More on Wikipedia.  Geophones could be used for other purposes such as sensing walking activity.

Limitations: Geophones are relatively expensive, and need to be placed in a special enclosure in order to be inserted into the ground to measure seismic activity.

Skill: Advanced

Sample Sensor: Geophone – SM-24 

Sample Exercise: https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/team-protocentral/measuring-seismic-activity-using-protocentral-openpressure-702324

Barometric Pressure

Barometric Pressure Sensor – MPL115A1
(from Sparkfun)

Technical description: A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) barometer is very small (<0.1mm) and are used to measure air pressure. They can be used to measure altitude, and are widely used in smartphones. (more on Wikipedia)

Limitations: Weather conditions will affect pressure readings, so this should be compensated for if the sensor is being used for altitude measurements. Each sensor has a limited range of measurements and may not be suited for extreme cases such as vacuums or pressurized gas environments.

Skill: Advanced (the sensor itself is very small and requires some serious SMD soldering skills, unless you use a breakout board. The sensor output requires extra research to take readings and interpret.)

Sample Sensor: Barometric Pressure Sensor – MPL115A1 https://www.sparkfun.com/products/9602

Sample Exercise: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/bmp180-barometric-pressure-sensor-hookup-/all

 

Liquid Level Sensor

SST Liquid Level Sensor (from Sparkfun)

Technical description:

There are two types: point and continuous. Point level sensors can be used to determine if the liquid is above a point (returns a boolean type output). Continuous sensors can be used to monitor a body of liquid, returning a range of values.

A liquid level sensor is used to determine the level of a fluid. This information could be used to calculate the volume of liquid in a rectangular container, since the sensor gives a height.

Limitations:

Continuous level sensors can be more expensive than point level sensors. The sensor should be isolated from the rest of the circuit to prevent water damage.

Skill: Advanced

Sample Sensor: SST Liquid Level Sensor

Sample Exercise: Smart Measuring Cup