Subtractive bilingualism refers to a process that can occur during second language acquisition, which results in the child losing proficiency/fluency in his or her first language. As the child’s skills are increasing in the second language, the first language suffers due to decreased practice/exposure. This often happens when the child is expected to learn a second language quickly without support in the first language. A variety of factors influence whether or not a speaker will maintain his/her first language including age of second language acquisition, first language use in the home and community, perception of the first language by the child/community, parental level of education, etc.
Model Eval- Spanish.English.4-7.pdf
AR is a 4;7 year old sequential bilingual Spanish/English girl. AR has recently entered a monolingual English preschool and has demonstrated emerging skills in English. However, she is also experiencing language loss in Spanish in her new environment. Through the parent interview and appropriate assessment, AR was determined to be typically developing despite evidence of deficit in both languages. Read More
Model Eval- English.Mandarin.12-11.pdf
WaLi is a 12 year old Mandarin/English sequential bilingual attending middle school in Chinatown, Manhattan. WaLi is an English Language Learner who is in the process of acquiring academic language in English but experiencing language loss in Mandarin as a result of his linguistic environment.
Model Eval- Spanish.English.10-0.pdf
IN is a sequential Spanish/English bilingual 10-year old girl demonstrating typically developing language skills. She attends a prestiguous public school with a heavy hispanic population and is currently in a general education classes receiving no related services or extra supports. Ines is demonstrating language loss in Spanish, however this is expected given her current linguistic environment.
This model evaluation is of a simultaneous bilingual English/ Hebrew boy with typically developing language skills. However, he is experiencing some language loss in the first language (Hebrew) due to lack of exposure and practice now that he has entered a monolingual English speaking kindergarten.
This module is the first of three presenting the critical questions: nine essential questions that must be asked in every caregiver interview during an evaluation. Read More
This module investigates factors that influence bilingual language development. Read More
ModelEval30-AAESAE-SevereLanguageDelay-ShakenBabySyndrome.pdf
Anthony is a 3-year-old child with multiple-handicaps. He has “Shaken Baby Syndrome” due to abuse. He lives with his grandmother who primarily speaks AAE, but is also exposed to SAE. With all children, but especially children with severe multiple handicaps, it is critical to describe the child’s strengths which can be built upon in developing strategies to improve the child’s functional communication.
Oscar is a 4 year, 2 month old child who is strongly English dominant. His mother is African-American and speaks English. His father is of Puerto Rican decent and is fluent in Spanish and English. Oscar is a bright boy, but with some evidence of concrete thinking similar to that seen with Asperger’s syndrome.
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