Stephanie Downey Toledo is a bilingual speech language pathologist in New York City as well as a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. She has collaborated with the LEADERS project on this module series and others.
Category: Scaled Score
A scaled score is a score obtained on a standardized test that has been transformed in order to reflect how much one’s score deviates from the mean score and compare scores between test takers.
Test Review: CELF-5
The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-5) was designed to assess a student’s language and communication skills in a variety of contexts, determine the presence of a language disorder, describe the nature of the language disorder, and plan for intervention or treatment.
Test Review: CELF-4 Spanish
TestReview_CELF 4 Spanish_1.8.14.pdf
The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Spanish, Fourth Edition [CELF-4, Spanish] is a standardized test designed to assess the presence of a language disorder or delay in Spanish speaking children aged 5-21.
Test Review: Bayley-III
The Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) is designed to assess the developmental functioning of infants and young children 1-42 months of age. Read More
Understanding Assessment: Understanding the Normal Distribution
A normal distribution, also called a bell curve, occurs when variables (i.e., test scores) plotted on a graph fall into a regular distribution around a single mean. In a normal distribution, about 96% of the scores will fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean. Read More
Understanding Assessment: Problems with Percentile Rank and Age Equivalency
The percentile rank of a score is percentage of total scores from the normative sample that were equal or lesser than the value of the score. It can be plotted on the bell curve of a normal distribution. Read More
